******Application of Biased Constraint Demotion******
Pseudo-Korean Simulation
******Now doing Stratum #1******
Faithfulness Delay:
Markedness constraint *dh prefers no losers, joins stratum #*.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (newly ranked): *dh
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[+v][-v][+v]
*[-son/+voice]
*asp
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #2******
Faithfulness Delay:
No rankable markedness constraints are available for this stratum.
Avoid The Inactive:
Here are the active, as-yet-unranked Faithfulness constraints available for this stratum:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
Smallest Effective Faithfulness Sets
Evaluating subsets of increasing size:
Subset size = *
Subset under consideration: Id (asp)
Markedness constraint freed up: *[+v][-v][+v]
Markedness constraint freed up: *asp
Markedness constraint freed up: *[-son/+voice]
Number of markedness constraints freed up: 3
This subset is an improvement.
Subset under consideration: Id (voice)
Markedness constraint freed up: *[+v][-v][+v]
Markedness constraint freed up: *[-son/+voice]
Number of markedness constraints freed up: 2
Subset under consideration: Id (asp)/_V
Markedness constraint freed up: *[+v][-v][+v]
Markedness constraint freed up: *asp
Markedness constraint freed up: *[-son/+voice]
Number of markedness constraints freed up: 3
This subset is in a tie with the previous best, which is retained.
Subset under consideration: Id (voice)/_V
Markedness constraint freed up: *[+v][-v][+v]
Markedness constraint freed up: *[-son/+voice]
Number of markedness constraints freed up: 2
Faithfulness constraint Id (asp) joins stratum #2 as member of best subset.
Note: This is a random choice, arising from the tie noted above. The opposite
random choice yields a correct grammar.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (newly ranked): Id (asp)
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[+v][-v][+v]
*[-son/+voice]
*asp
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #3******
Faithfulness Delay:
Markedness constraint *[+v][-v][+v] prefers no losers, joins stratum #3.
Markedness constraint *asp prefers no losers, joins stratum #3.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)
Stratum 3 (newly ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[-son/+voice]
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #4******
Faithfulness Delay:
Markedness constraint *[-son/+voice] prefers no losers, joins stratum #4.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)
Stratum 3 (already ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Stratum 4 (newly ranked): *[-son/+voice]
Markedness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #5******
Faithfulness Delay:
No rankable markedness constraints are available for this stratum.
No active Faithfulness constraints are available for this stratum.
Faithfulness constraint Id (voice) joins stratum #5 by default.
Faithfulness constraint Id (asp)/_V joins stratum #5 by default.
Faithfulness constraint Id (voice)/_V joins stratum #5 by default.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)
Stratum 3 (already ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Stratum 4 (already ranked): *[-son/+voice]
Stratum 5 (newly ranked): Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
Markedness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Ranking is complete and yields an incorrect grammar, which overgenerates
for (e.g.) *[ath]:
/ath/:
*dh|Id (asp)|*[+v][-v][+v]¦*asp|*[-son/+vc]|Id(asp)/_V¦Id(vc)/_V¦Id(vc)
[ath] | | ¦ * | | ¦ ¦
*[at] | *! | ¦ | | ¦ ¦
*[ad] | *! | ¦ | * | ¦ ¦ *
*[adh] *! | | ¦ * | * | ¦ ¦ *
Return to:
Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: The
Early Stages