******Application of Low Faithfulness Constraint Demotion******
Pseudo-Korean Simulation
******Now doing Stratum #1******
Avoid Preference For Losers:
*asp is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ta] for /tha/.
*[-son/+voice] is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ata] for /ada/.
*[+v][-v][+v] is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ada] for /atha/.
Favor Markedness:
*dh is a Markedness constraint that favors no losers, joins new stratum.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (newly ranked): *dh
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[+v][-v][+v]
*[-son/+voice]
*asp
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (asp)/_V
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #2******
Avoid Preference For Losers:
*asp is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ta] for /tha/.
*[-son/+voice] is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ata] for /ada/.
*[+v][-v][+v] is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ada] for /atha/.
Favor Markedness:
There are no rankable Markedness constraints.
Favor Activeness:
Id (asp) is shown to be active by ruling out *[ta] for /tha/.
Id (voice) is shown to be active by ruling out *[da] for /tha/.
Id (asp)/_V is shown to be active by ruling out *[ta] for /tha/.
Id (voice)/_V is shown to be active by ruling out *[da] for /tha/.
All unranked Faithfulness constraints are active.
Favor Specificity:
Id (asp) is excluded from stratum because Id (asp)/_V is more specific.
Id (voice) is excluded from stratum because Id (voice)/_V is more specific.
Favor Autonomy:
Id (asp)/_V is assigned 0 helpers, based on /tha/ -/-> *[ta].
Id (voice)/_V is assigned 1 helper, based on /ada/ -/-> *[ata]. The helper is:
*[+v][-v][+v]
Lowest number of helpers: 0
Constraint Id (asp)/_V joins the current stratum, having 0 helpers.
Constraint Id (voice)/_V is excluded from stratum because it has 1 helper.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (newly ranked): Id (asp)/_V
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[+v][-v][+v]
*[-son/+voice]
*asp
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #3******
Avoid Preference For Losers:
*[-son/+voice] is excluded from stratum; prefers loser *[ata] for /ada/.
Favor Markedness:
*[+v][-v][+v] is a Markedness constraint that favors no losers, joins new stratum.
*asp is a Markedness constraint that favors no losers, joins new stratum.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)/_V
Stratum 3 (newly ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Markedness constraints still unranked:
*[-son/+voice]
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #4******
Avoid Preference For Losers:
Search found no unranked constraints that prefer losers.
Favor Markedness:
*[-son/+voice] is a Markedness constraint that favors no losers, joins new stratum.
Faithfulness constraints are excluded from stratum.
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)/_V
Stratum 3 (already ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Stratum 4 (newly ranked): *[-son/+voice]
Markedness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (voice)/_V
******Now doing Stratum #5******
Avoid Preference For Losers:
Search found no unranked constraints that prefer losers.
Favor Markedness:
There are no rankable Markedness constraints.
Favor Activeness:
Only remaining rankable constraints are inactive Faithfulness constraints.
All join current stratum:
Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (voice)/_V
Results so far:
Stratum 1 (already ranked): *dh
Stratum 2 (already ranked): Id (asp)/_V
Stratum 3 (already ranked): *[+v][-v][+v]
*asp
Stratum 4 (already ranked): *[-son/+voice]
Stratum 5 (newly ranked): Id (asp)
Id (voice)
Id (voice)/_V
Markedness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Faithfulness constraints still unranked:
(none)
Ranking is complete and yields successful grammar.
Return to:
Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: The
Early Stages