Summary of English consonants and vowels
I. Consonants
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Place:/ Manner: |
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Bilabial |
Labio- Dental |
(Inter-) Dental |
Alveo- lar |
Palato- Alveolar |
Retro- flex |
Palatal |
Velar |
Labial- Velar |
Glottal |
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STOPS |
voiceless |
p pot |
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t tot |
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k cot |
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+] |
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voiced |
b bot |
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d dot |
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g got |
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FRICATIVES |
voiceless |
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f font |
θ thought |
s sot |
ʃ shot |
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h hot |
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voiced |
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vVons |
ð though |
z zot |
ʒ vision |
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AFFRICATES |
voiceless |
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t͡ʃ chalk |
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voiced |
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d͡ʒ jot |
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NASALS |
(voiced) |
m Mott |
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n not |
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ŋ song |
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APPROXIMANTS (voiced) |
central lateral |
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ɹ2rot l lot |
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j yacht |
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w watt |
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TAP |
(voiced) |
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II. Vowels (where the relevant English vowel is a diphthong, it is so transcribed)
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Front |
Central |
Back |
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(unrounded) |
(unrounded) |
unrounded |
rounded |
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High |
tense |
i beat |
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u boot |
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lax |
ɪ bit |
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ʊ foot |
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Mid |
tense |
e bait |
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o boat
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lax |
ɛ bet |
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ə about |
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Low |
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æ bat |
ɑ bot |
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Diphthongs: aɪ bite aʊ bout ɔɪ boy
also: ɚ˞ Bert, butter = retroflexed mid central vowel,
also called "syllabic r" or "rhotic schwa"
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Diacritics: |
ˈ = stress (placed before the stressed syllable) |
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̩= syllabic (placed under [l] and [n] when they are syllabic) |
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examples: |
[æləˈgeʃən] allegation [ˈæləgeɾɚ] alligator |